Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – Pathophysiology ; Treatment
Introduction Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women. It is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarie...
Pituitary Disorders – Causes and Management
Introduction The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, regulates multiple endocrine organs. Pituitary disorders can lead to hormonal imbalances affecting various body systems. Common Pit...
Parathyroid Gland : Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Introduction The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis through parathyroid hormone (PTH). Dysregulation of PTH leads to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, causing metabolic dist...
Diabetes Mellitus – Types, Diagnosis, and Management
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. It is one of the most important topics in endocri...
Adrenal Glands ; Their Role in Stress Response
Introduction The adrenal glands regulate stress, metabolism, and electrolyte balance through hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline. Adrenal Cortex Hormones Glucocorticoids (Cortisol...
Introduction The thyroid gland plays a vital role in metabolism, energy regulation, and growth. Understanding thyroid hormone physiology is crucial for diagnosing conditions like hypothyroidism and...