Introduction
The adrenal glands regulate stress, metabolism, and electrolyte balance through hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- Glucocorticoids (Cortisol) – Regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress adaptation.
- Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) – Controls sodium and potassium balance.
- Androgens (DHEA, Testosterone) – Supports secondary sexual characteristics.
Adrenal Disorders
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Cushing’s Syndrome (Excess Cortisol)
- Symptoms: Moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, hypertension.
- Causes: Prolonged steroid use, adrenal tumors, pituitary adenomas.
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Addison’s Disease (Cortisol Deficiency)
- Symptoms: Fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, hyperpigmentation.
- Treatment: Corticosteroid replacement therapy.
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Pheochromocytoma
- A rare adrenal tumor causing hypertension, palpitations, and excessive sweating.
Conclusion
Adrenal gland disorders require early diagnosis and intervention. These MBBS notes offer a structured approach to understanding adrenal physiology and pathology.
