Introduction
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are the central regulators of the endocrine system, coordinating hormone release throughout the body. Their dysfunction can lead to significant clinical conditions.
Functions of the Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
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Hypothalamus
- Regulates thirst, hunger, body temperature, and emotional responses.
- Produces hormone-releasing factors that control the anterior pituitary.
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Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)
- Secretes TSH, ACTH, GH, LH, FSH, and Prolactin.
- Disorders include pituitary dwarfism, gigantism, and Cushing’s disease.
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Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)
- Stores and releases Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
- Disorders: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH deficiency) and SIADH (excess ADH secretion).
Conclusion
Understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is fundamental for diagnosing endocrine disorders. These MBBS notes cover essential concepts for NEET PG and USMLE preparation.
