Introduction
The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce hormones essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and homeostasis. Understanding the endocrine system is vital for medical students preparing for exams like MBBS, NEET PG, and USMLE.
Key Endocrine Glands and Their Functions
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Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
- Controls hormone release and links the nervous system to endocrine function.
- Releases regulatory hormones like TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone), CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone), and GHRH (Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone).
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Thyroid Gland
- Produces T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine), essential for metabolic regulation.
- Disorders: Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s disease) and Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease).
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Adrenal Glands
- Cortex secretes Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Androgens.
- Medulla releases Adrenaline and Noradrenaline to regulate stress responses.
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Pancreas
- Functions as both an endocrine and exocrine organ.
- Releases Insulin and Glucagon to control blood sugar levels.
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Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)
- Produce sex hormones like Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone.
Conclusion
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance. These MBBS notes provide a structured overview of hormonal functions and disorders, essential for NEET PG and USMLE exam preparation.
