Introduction
Endocrine disorders can cause secondary hypertension, requiring hormonal evaluation and specific treatment.
Common Causes of Endocrine Hypertension
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Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome)
- Excess aldosterone → Sodium retention → Hypertension, hypokalemia.
- Diagnosis: Plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR).
- Treatment: Spironolactone (Aldosterone antagonist) or adrenalectomy.
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Pheochromocytoma (Catecholamine-Secreting Tumor)
- Symptoms: Paroxysmal hypertension, palpitations, sweating, headaches.
- Diagnosis: 24-hour urine metanephrines, plasma catecholamines.
- Treatment: Alpha-blockers, surgical removal.
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Cushing’s Syndrome (Excess Cortisol)
- Symptoms: Moon face, weight gain, purple striae, hypertension.
- Diagnosis: 24-hour urinary free cortisol, Dexamethasone suppression test.
- Treatment: Surgical removal of adrenal or pituitary tumors.
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Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism: Diastolic hypertension due to vasoconstriction.
- Hyperthyroidism: Systolic hypertension due to increased cardiac output.
- Treatment: Thyroid hormone replacement (Hypo), Beta-blockers (Hyper).
Conclusion
Endocrine hypertension requires targeted therapy rather than general antihypertensives. These MBBS notes offer a structured approach to diagnosis and management.
